Priority task list

ABSTRACT

Tasks for managing a network can be displayed in a priority task list. Tasks can be selected for inclusion based on rules, such as rules relating to best practices. The rules can be applied against network status, usage status, user profiles, and the like. Upon selection of a user interface element in the priority task list, an appropriate user interface for accomplishing the task can be displayed.

BACKGROUND

Due to their immense workload, network administrators often find themselves in a reactive mindset. For example, if the administrators observe that the computer network is functioning properly, they may not be inclined to take preventive or proactive measures because they are occupied with other activities. As a result, opportunities to take proactive steps to avoid network failure or loss of functionality may be missed.

Therefore, there exists ample room for improvement in technologies related to managing a computer network.

SUMMARY

A variety of technologies related to a priority task list can be provided. Such technologies can be used by administrators to perform various tasks for a computer network in a proactive way to avoid computer network problems. Rules can be used to determine which tasks to add to the priority task list (e.g., depending on environmental conditions in the network, pre-determined schedules for a task template, a pre-determined schedule by the user, or the like). When a user interface element representing the task is selected, a user interface for accomplishing the related task can be presented.

A wide variety of tasks related to critical items, best practices, manual tasks, and online services can be supported. If desired, task preferences can be provided, and the tasks can be sent to other task software.

The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an exemplary system for updating task templates.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary system for using tasks.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for updating a task template.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an exemplary system for remote task template updating.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an exemplary user interface depicting a task profile tool.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for recommending task templates using a profile.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an exemplary update tasks user interface.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for updating task templates using a task update tool.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an exemplary user interface depicting an update tasks tool.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an exemplary task template schema.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for updating task templates on a client server.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for recommending task templates based on a pattern of usage.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for storing task templates.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an exemplary user interface depicting display of task templates.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for completing a task.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an exemplary multi-server system for performing tasks.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing environment that can be used to implement any of the technologies described herein.

FIG. 18 is a screen shot of an exemplary priority task list.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for processing a task listed in a priority task list.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing another exemplary method for processing a task listed in a priority task list.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing an exemplary system presenting a priority task list.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for choosing tasks for inclusion in a priority task list via rules.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an exemplary priority task instantiation rule.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for adding tasks to the priority task list via rules.

FIG. 25 is a screen shot showing an exemplary user interface for accomplishing a task.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for responding to selection of a user interface element representing a task.

FIG. 27 is a block diagram of an exemplary system for updating priority task instantiation rules, task templates, or both.

FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for automatically updating priority task instantiation rules, task templates, or both.

FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing an exemplary system presenting a priority task list.

FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for choosing tasks for inclusion in a priority task list via best practices rules.

FIG. 31 is a screen shot of an exemplary priority task list including tasks for approving software updates and reviewing license usage.

FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing an exemplary priority task instantiation rule for determining whether a task for approving updates is to be included in a priority task list.

FIG. 33 is a screen shot showing an exemplary user interface for accomplishing a task to review and approve software updates.

FIG. 34 is a screen shot showing an exemplary user interface for accomplishing a task to review license usage.

FIG. 35 is a screen shot showing an exemplary user interface for accomplishing a task to review status of deployment of a software package.

FIG. 36 is a screen shot showing an exemplary user interface for setting priority task preferences.

FIG. 37A is a screen shot showing an exemplary user interface for accomplishing a task to review an advisory to use an online service based on detected usage characteristics.

FIG. 37B is a screen shot showing an exemplary user interface for accomplishing a task to review an advisory to use an online backup service based on detected usage characteristics related to backups.

FIG. 38 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computer system that can be used to implement any of the technologies described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE 1 Exemplary Task

In any of the examples herein, a task can represent work that is performed on a computer network (e.g., a multi-server computer environment of a business or organization). For example, a task can represent the retrieval of information that is displayed to a user of the network (e.g., for troubleshooting purposes). A task can also represent making a change to the network (e.g., changing settings in an application). A task can be performed, for example, by using a task template. For display purposes, a user interface element (e.g., a button, link) can be displayed for initiating a task.

Selecting (e.g., invoking) a task can result in displaying a user interface for accomplishing (e.g., completing) the task. For example, selecting a task (e.g., by selecting a user interface element associated with the task) can result in displaying a custom user interface that allows a user to make changes to a number of applications and computer servers on a network. For example, selecting a “manage licenses” task (e.g., selecting a button or link associated with the text “manage licenses”) can result in display of a custom user interface that allows a user of a network to manage licenses for users and devices across multiple servers and services. Selecting a task can also result in display of a user interface that is part of an application on a network (e.g., a user interface that is already native to an application). For example, selecting a “change password” task for a selected user can result in display of a “change password” user interface from a user management application.

Selecting a task can result in display of various types of user interfaces. For example, a wizard user interface can be displayed (e.g., where the user is directed through a series of steps). A dialog can be displayed (e.g., the user can be asked to confirm the deletion of a user account). A view can also be displayed (e.g., a page allowing the user to configure various settings, such as web site settings).

EXAMPLE 2 Exemplary Task Template

In any of the examples herein, a task template can be used to accomplish (e.g., complete) a task. For example, a task template can be used to direct a user to a user interface for accomplishing a task. For example, a task template can comprise a location variable. The location variable can contain a location. The location can represent (e.g., be an address of) a user interface (e.g., a wizard, dialog, or view). For example, the location can represent a user interface by way of an API of an application. A task template can be in the format of a schema (e.g., an XML or XrML schema).

A task template can also be stored in a variety of ways and in a variety of locations. For example, task templates can be stored as data values in a tasks database (e.g., on a computer server). Task templates can also be stored as schemas (e.g., in a database, file, data store, or in another data storage location), such as an XML schema.

A task template can be updated. For example, a new task template can be downloaded to allow a user to accomplish the new task associated with the new task template. A task template can be downloaded in order to replace an existing task template (e.g., to provide updated functionality or to support a change to an application identified by a location variable of the task template). A task template can also be deleted or removed (e.g., from a tasks database on a computer server).

A task template can be used when a task is selected (e.g., invoked). For example, a task to add a new user to a network can be selected. In response, a location variable from a task template related to the task can be used to display a user interface identified by the location variable.

Selecting (e.g., invoking) or displaying a task template can comprise selecting or displaying an instance of the task template (e.g., displaying a user interface for accomplishing a task). An instance of a task template can be a specific occurrence of the task template. For example, a first instance of a task template can be displayed when a task template is selected (e.g., from a context-free task), and based on a location variable from the task template, a user interface of an application is displayed. A second instance of the same task template can also be displayed when the task template is selected (e.g., from a contextual task). In this way, multiple instances of the same task template can be selected and displayed.

The same task can be selected multiple times and multiple instances of the same task template displayed (e.g., at different times or at the same time). For example, an add user task can be selected multiple times and multiple instances of an add user task template can be displayed (e.g., multiple windows in a user interface, each window comprising fields for adding a user, such as: user name, real name, and password).

Or, different tasks can be selected and multiple instances of the same task template displayed. For example, an edit user task for a specific user can be selected and an instance of an edit user template can be displayed (e.g., filled in with the specific user's information). An edit user task for a different specific user can also be selected and an instance of the same edit user template can be displayed (e.g., filled in with the different specific user's information).

EXAMPLE 3 Exemplary Updating Task Templates

In any of the examples herein, a task can be kept up to date by updating task templates used to accomplish the task. For example, a customer (e.g., an individual, business, or organization) can purchase computer hardware and software (e.g., to be used in operating a business). The software can comprise a management application for managing (e.g., via tasks which are accomplished by task templates) a collection of applications across a number of computer servers (e.g., a number of computer servers comprising a multi-server system). The management application can be sold with a set of pre-installed task templates (e.g., by the software manufacturer) for accomplishing tasks. However, the pre-installed task templates may soon become out of date (e.g., as applications are updated with new features and functionality or as new applications are installed). In addition, the specific pre-installed task templates may not be useful to some customers. Therefore, updating task templates is an important aspect to maintaining their usefulness.

Task templates can be updated for a variety of reasons. An application can change (e.g., new features added), and in order for an existing task template to operate correctly with the new application (e.g., to display the correct user interface of the application), it can need to be updated. New task templates can be created to address the needs (e.g., workflow requirements) of specific customers (or specific types, groups, or categories of customers). For example, a new task template can be created for customers that operate high employee turnover businesses (e.g., hotel operations). Task templates can also be updated for many other reasons (e.g., task templates can be updated with a better recommended way to complete the task).

Updated task templates can be created and provided by a software manufacturer. For example, a software manufacturer that develops and sells a suite of server applications (including a management application that uses task templates to manage the server applications) can provide updated task templates to maintain the usefulness of the suite of server applications over its lifetime (e.g., 3-5 years). The software manufacturer can have employees dedicated to keeping task templates up to date (e.g., due to software changes) and developing new task templates.

Task templates can be updated by providing a list of recommended task templates (e.g., recommended based on various attributes of a customer, such as the types of tasks the customer performs). Task templates can also be updated by providing a list of optional task templates (e.g., task templates that are not specifically recommended by a task update server, but nevertheless may be of interest to a customer).

A customer can update task templates in a variety of ways. For example, a customer can connect to a remote task update server and download updated task templates. A customer can obtain updated task templates on removable storage media (e.g., a CD or DVD). A customer can also obtain updated task templates in other ways (e.g., via email).

EXAMPLE 4 Exemplary Patterns of Task Usage

In any of the examples herein, patterns of task usage can be identified. Patterns of task usage can be identified by tracking the task templates that are used by a user (or a group of users) of a computer server (e.g., using a management application on the computer server to manage various applications). Patterns of task usage can also be tracked based on the frequency of usage.

Patterns of task usage can be stored on a computer server (e.g., the computer server on which the task templates were invoked). Patterns of task usage can also be transmitted to a remote server (e.g., to a remote task update server of a software manufacturer).

Patterns of task usage can be analyzed (e.g., to identify trends of task usage or to recommend task template updates). For example, if a specific user (e.g., an IT administrator) frequently uses task templates to add, edit, or delete user accounts, the pattern of task usage can be analyzed to determine that the specific user often deals with user account management requests. Based on this pattern, the user can receive task template recommendations. For example, the user can receive a recommendation to download an updated task template for simplifying user account management (e.g., for more efficiently working with groups of accounts).

Profiles can be created based on patterns of task usage. For example, if a user frequently uses task templates to add, edit, or delete user accounts, a profile associated with the user can indicate high user turnover. The profile can then be used, for example, to recommend task template updates.

EXAMPLE 5 Exemplary Profile

In any of the examples herein, a profile can be created and used to recommend task template updates. A profile can be created based upon a pattern of task usage. For example, if a user frequently uses task templates to add, edit, or delete user accounts, a profile can be created and associated with the user (or an existing profile associated with the user can be updated) indicating that the user is involved with a high user turnover business. The profile can then be used, for example, to recommend task template updates. For example, other task templates associated with user management in a high turnover business can be recommended.

A profile can also be created by a software manufacturer. For example, a software manufacturer can create a “high turnover” profile or a “mobile users” profile. Task templates or groups of task templates can be associated with a profile. For example, a software manufacturer can associate task templates for managing user accounts with a “high turnover” profile.

A profile based upon a pattern of task usage can be created locally or remotely. For example, a management application of a multi-server system of a business can locally create and store profiles based on task template usage. In addition, patterns of task usage can be transmitted to a remote location. For example, patterns of task usage can be transmitted to a remote task update server (e.g., operated by a software manufacturer). The remote task update server can analyze the patterns of task usage and, based on the analysis, create a profile (or use an existing profile that matches the pattern) and recommend task template updates to a customer of the software manufacturer (e.g., a customer using software developed by the software manufacturer to operate a multi-server system). A profile can be created locally and then transmitted to a remote task update server.

A profile can also be created or assigned in other ways. For example, a profile can be created or assigned based upon information provided by a user (e.g., characteristics of a user's business, various categories or groups of task templates the user is interested in, or other information about the types of tasks performed by the user). This type of profile can be defined by the user's manual selection of preferences. For example, the user can select a business category (e.g., hotel, restaurant, medical, financial, retail). A user can select characteristics of the user's business (e.g., high employee turnover, branch offices). A user can select a category or group of task templates that the user is interested in (e.g., user management, network administration). A user can also select a pre-created profile (e.g., a profile created by a software manufacturer) that matches the type of activities the user expects to perform (e.g., high turnover, mobile users).

A profile can be used to recommend task template updates. For example, if a profile indicates a high turnover business (e.g., a “high turnover” profile), then task template updates related to user management can be recommended (e.g., task templates that a software manufacturer has associated with a “high turnover” profile). If a profile indicates mobile users, then task template updates related to maintaining mobile computer patch updates can be recommended.

One or more profiles can be associated with a user or customer (e.g., individual user, business, organization).

EXAMPLE 6 Exemplary Groups of Task Templates

In any of the examples herein, task templates can be organized into groups. A group can be identified by a group name, such as: “user management” or “network administration.” A task template can be assigned to (e.g., associated with) a group by, for example, recording a group name in a group name field of the task template (where the task template is defined by a schema comprising the group name field). For example, one or more task templates associated with managing user accounts can be grouped into a user management group. Groups can be associated with profiles. For example, a “user management” group of task templates can be associated with a “high turnover” profile.

Groups of Task Templates can be updated. For example, a user can select and download a group of task templates by making a single selection of the group, without having to select multiple individual task templates.

EXAMPLE 7 Exemplary Discovery of Task Templates

In any of the examples herein, task templates can be discovered (i.e., a customer can learn that updated task templates are available). Task templates can be discovered in a variety of ways. Task templates can be discovered based on a recommendation of task templates. For example, a recommendation can be based on a pattern of task usage. A recommendation can also be based on a profile. In this way, automated recommendations of task template updates can be made. For example, a remote task update server can automatically make recommendations of task template updates based on a profile of a user connected to (e.g., communicating with) the remote task update server. The user can be informed of these recommendations through a notification mechanism, such as email or through the management server user interface.

Task templates can be discovered based on a subscription. A subscription can comprise a subscription parameter that indicates a frequency at which to check for task template updates (e.g., with a remote task update server) as well as the preferred content of the subscription. For example, a subscription associated with a user, computer, or application can automatically check (e.g., without any involvement by a user) for task template updates on a periodic schedule (e.g., weekly or monthly). If task template updates are available (e.g., recommended task template updates based on a profile), then the updates can be automatically downloaded and stored. Or, if task template updates are available, a user can be prompted to download the updates as part of an automated process. In determining whether updates (recommended or optional) are available, a profile can be checked. For example, a management application can be associated with a subscription that checks weekly for task template updates. Recommended task template updates based on a profile associated with the management application can then be presented (e.g., and automatically downloaded or downloaded after confirmation).

Task templates can be discovered using a task update tool (e.g., a wizard). For example, a user can use a task update tool (e.g., a computer application providing a user interface) to access a remote task update server. The task update tool can communicate with the remote task update server and list available task templates, such as recommended (e.g., based on a profile) task templates and optional (e.g., task templates that do not match a profile) task templates. The user can then make a selection (e.g., by using checkboxes in a user interface) and proceed to download the selected task templates. Task templates can be selected individually or as groups of task templates.

Task templates can also be discovered via a web site of available task templates. For example, a user can visit a web site and view a list of available task templates (e.g., after providing licensing information to authorize the user to view and download the task templates).

Task templates can also be discovered through notifications systems, such as an automated email or through an alert or message that appears in the management server user interface.

EXAMPLE 8 Exemplary Distribution of Task Templates

In any of the examples herein, task templates can be distributed (e.g., downloaded, transmitted, or otherwise delivered to a customer or user of the task templates) in a variety of ways. Task templates can be distributed over a network (e.g., the Internet) from a remote task update server via a web service (e.g., over a secure encrypted connection). Task templates can also be distributed on removable computer media (e.g., CD, DVD, floppy disk, flash media device).

Task templates can be distributed as individual task templates, or as groups of task templates. Task templates can be distributed based on a profile or a subscription.

EXAMPLE 9 Exemplary Display of Task Templates

In any of the examples herein, task templates can be displayed in a variety of ways. Task templates can be displayed in a user interface of a management application (e.g., as user interface elements for initiating the task templates).

Task templates can be organized for display purposes. Task templates can be grouped for display based on properties of the task templates (e.g., fields of task templates defined by a schema). For example, task templates can be grouped for display based upon the relative time (e.g., date and time) each task template was downloaded or installed (e.g., a “latest 5 tasks” list). Task templates can be display based on user-defined groupings (e.g., a “my favorite tasks” list). Task templates can also be displayed based on other criteria (e.g., how often the task template is invoked, based on an RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed).

EXAMPLE 10 Exemplary Management of Task Templates

In any of the examples herein, task templates can be managed in a variety of ways. Cleanup rules can be created to manage task templates. For example, a cleanup rule (e.g., a business rule) can be used to remove task templates (e.g., by deleting or moving to a recycle folder) that have not been used (e.g., invoked) for a period of time (e.g., a month or year). Task templates can also be manually removed or deleted.

EXAMPLE 11 Exemplary Task Template Update System

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system 100 for updating task templates. In the example, a task server 110 (e.g., a remote task update server) can provide task template updates (e.g., present available task template updates) to a client server 130 (e.g., a computer server of a customer). The task server 110 can obtain task template updates from a tasks database 120.

The task server 110 can be operated by a software manufacturer. The software manufacturer can periodically update task templates in the tasks database 120. A customer of the software manufacturer can connect to the task server 110 via the client server 130 to update task templates (e.g., to select and download task template updates to replace existing task templates or install new task templates).

The task server 110 can be located remotely from the client server 130. For example, the client server 130 can communicate with the task server 110 over the Internet.

EXAMPLE 12 Exemplary Task Usage System

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary system 200 for using tasks. In the example, a management application 210 (e.g., a server application) can run on a computer server 240. For example, the management application 210 can be an application for managing a collection of applications (e.g., 250, 270, and 290) (e.g., a server applications) designed to operate a multi-server computer system (e.g., providing services to a business or organization). The collection of applications can include, for example, email applications, file serving applications, remote access applications, user management applications, licensing applications, and monitoring applications. Different servers of the multi-server computer system can run different applications from the collection of applications. For example, the multi-server computer system can comprise three servers: a management server (e.g., 240), an email server (e.g., 260), and a firewall server (e.g., 280). The management application 210 can be located on the management server (e.g., 240) and manage applications on the same server as well as applications on different servers (e.g., 260 and 280).

The management application 210 can be used to manage servers (e.g., by managing server applications running on the servers) using tasks 230 (e.g., where the tasks are accomplished by task templates). Tasks 230 can be stored (e.g., as task templates) in a database on a computer server (e.g., on the same server as the management application, or on a different server). Tasks 230 can also be stored in other ways (e.g., in a flat file, on removable media, as an XML schema).

The management application 210 can provide a user interface 220 allowing a user to access tasks 230 (e.g., to access task templates for accomplishing the tasks). For example, the user interface 220 of the management application 210 can display tasks 230 (e.g., displayed as user interface elements for initiating the tasks) in a variety of forms, such as a context-free task list or a contextual task list. The user interface 220 can also display entities and entity groups. For example, a user can select an entity or entity group from the user interface 220 to display contextual tasks.

From the user interface 220, a user can select (e.g., invoke) a task 230 (e.g., by selecting a user interface element for initiating the task) to manage (e.g., display information from, make a change to) an application. For example, the user can select a task 230 to manage applications 290 on the same computer server 240 that the management application 210 is operating on. The user can also select a task 230 to manage an application on a different computer server (e.g., manage applications 250 on a computer server 260, or manage applications 270 on computer server 280).

The user interface 220 can also support different options, procedures, or techniques for navigating to tasks 230 (e.g., navigating to task templates associated with, and used to accomplish, the tasks). For example, the user interface 220 can support an option for navigating to a task by displaying a context-free task (e.g., displaying a context-free task on a home page of the user interface 220 where the user has not selected an entity or entity group). The user interface 220 can support an option for navigating to a task based on a selection of an entity group and then displaying a contextual task. The user interface 220 can also support an option for navigating to a task based on a selection of an entity from an entity group and then displaying a contextual task.

EXAMPLE 13 Exemplary Method for Updating a Task Template

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary method 300 for updating a task template, and can be performed, for example, by a system such as that shown in FIG. 1. At 310, communication is initiated (e.g., from a management application running on a local client server to a remote task update server). At 320, a task template is selected (e.g., from a list of available task templates presented by the remote task update server). At 330, the selected task template is downloaded (e.g., downloaded to the local client server for use by the management application running on the local client server for managing applications of a multi-server system).

EXAMPLE 14 Exemplary Remote Task Template Update System

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary system 400 for remote task template updates. In the example, a remote task update server 410 can provide task template updates (e.g., present available task template updates) to a variable (e.g., arbitrary) number of computer networks (e.g., 440A-N). A computer network (e.g., 440A, 440B, or 440N) can be a computer network of a business or organization. A computer network (e.g., 440A, 440B, or 440N) can comprise a single network (e.g., at a single location) or multiple networks (e.g., at varying locations, such as remote office locations).

The remote task update server 410 can connect to the computer networks over a connecting network 430 (e.g., a public network such as the Internet or a private network such as a leased line).

The remote task update server can provide task template updates from a tasks database 420. Task templates can be stored in the tasks database 420 in a format defined by a schema (e.g., an XML schema).

For example, the remote update server 410 and task database 420 can be operated by a software manufacturer that sells a software package comprising applications for operating computer services of a business or organization (e.g., email services, fie sharing services, firewall services, anti-virus services, licensing services). The applications of the software package can be managed by tasks which are accomplished by task templates. Customers (e.g., 440A, 440B, and 440N), such as businesses or organizations, that purchase the software package from the software manufacturer can obtain task template updates from the remote task update server 410 operated by the software manufacturer. In this way, a software manufacturer can maintain the usefulness of tasks for operating a software package sold and supported by the software manufacturer.

EXAMPLE 15 Exemplary User Interface Depicting a Task Profile Tool

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary user interface 500 depicting a task profile tool. The user interface can be displayed, for example, by a system such as that shown in FIG. 1. The task profile tool 500 can be displayed during a software setup process (e.g., displayed while installing and configuring a software package comprising multiple applications to operate a multi-server system). The task profile tool 5 can operate as a wizard.

In the user interface 530, a list of profiles 510 are displayed (e.g., to a user during the software setup process). The list of profiles 510 can include, for example, “high turnover,” “mobile users,” and “remote offices.” A user can select one or more profiles that match characteristics of the user or the user's business. For example, if the user is involved in a high employee turnover business, the user can select the “high turnover” profile and the profile will then be associated with the user, or more generally with the user's business or organization.

The profiles selected using the task profile tool 500 can be used to install and configure task templates (e.g., used to determine which task templates are to be installed during initial software setup, how they will be grouped, and how they will be displayed in a user interface). The profiles selected can also be used later to recommend task template updates.

The task profile tool 500 can be used after initial software setup has been completed. Generally, the task profile tool 500 can be used anytime a user or customer wants to change profiles associated with the user or customer.

EXAMPLE 16 Exemplary Method for Recommending Task Templates Using a Profile

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary method 600 for recommending task templates using a profile. At 610, a profile is transmitted to a task server (e.g., to a remote task update server). The profile that is transmitted to the task server can indicate a pattern of task usage (e.g., high turnover, mobile users, or remote offices). At 620, a task template is selected from a list of recommended task templates, where the recommended task templates are recommended based on the profile (e.g., where the recommended task templates have been associated with the profile by a software manufacturer). For example, if the profile is “high turnover”, the recommended task templates can comprise task templates directed to user management.

EXAMPLE 17 Exemplary Update Tasks User Interface

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary update tasks user interface 700. The user interface can be displayed, for example, by a system such as that shown in FIG. 1. In the user interface 730, a list of recommended task templates based on a profile are displayed 710. A list of recommended task templates can also be displayed based on more than one profile associated with a user or customer. The list of recommended task templates 710 can comprise individual task templates (e.g., “task template 1” and “task template 2) and task template groups (e.g., “group of task templates 1” and “group of task templates 2). The recommended task templates 710 can be associated with checkboxes in the user interface so that a user can select any of the individual or group recommended task templates.

Also displayed in the user interface 730 are user interface controls allowing a user to control the task update process. For example, the user can select a user interface control to automatically download all recommended task templates 710 displayed in the user interface 730 (e.g., using a “DOWNLOAD ALL RECOMMENDED” button). The user can select a user interface control to download only selected (e.g., via a checkbox) task templates or groups of task templates (e.g., using a “DOWNLOAD SELECTED” button). The user can select a user interface control indicating the user would like to view available task templates that have not been recommended (e.g., using a “VIEW OPTIONAL” button). Non-recommended (e.g., optional) task templates can also be displayed in the same user interface along with the recommended task templates. The user can also select a user interface control if the user is not interested in downloading any task templates (e.g., using a “CANCEL” button).

EXAMPLE 18 Exemplary Method for Updating Task Templates Using a Task Update Tool

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary method 800 for updating task templates using a task update tool (e.g., a wizard). At 810, a communication to a task update server (e.g., a remote task update server) is initiated by the task update tool (e.g., by connecting to a web service of the remote task update server over the Internet). For example, the task update tool can be a component of a management application. A task update tool can also be a stand-alone application. The task update tool can initiate communication based on input received from a user (e.g., by a user running the task update tool).

At 820, one or more task templates are selected from recommended and optional task templates displayed to a user by the task update tool. For example, the task update tool can display one or more recommended task templates (e.g., recommended based upon a profile) and one or more optional task templates (e.g., not recommended, but still available). If there are no recommended, or no optional, task templates available, then the task update tool can display only recommended task templates or only optional task templates as appropriate. A user of the task update tool can then select task templates (or groups of task templates) to download.

EXAMPLE 19 Exemplary User Interface Depicting a Task Update Tool

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary user interface 900 depicting a task update tool (e.g., a wizard). The user interface can be displayed, for example, by a system such as that shown in FIG. 1. In the user interface 930, a list of recommended task templates are displayed 910. The list of recommended task templates 910 can be displayed based on a profile of a user operating the tool. The list of recommended task templates 910 can comprise individual task templates (e.g., “task template 1” and “task template 2) and task template groups (e.g., “group of task templates 1” and “group of task templates 2). The recommended task templates 910 can be associated with checkboxes in the user interface so that a user can select any of the individual or group recommended task templates.

In the user interface 930, a list of optional task templates 920 can be displayed (e.g., task templates that are not recommended, but nevertheless may be of interest to a user of the task update tool). The list of optional task templates 920 can comprise individual task templates (e.g., “task template 3” and “task template 4”) and task template groups (e.g., “group of task templates 3”). The optional task templates 920 can be associated with checkboxes in the user interface so that a user can select any of the individual or group optional task templates.

Also displayed in the user interface 930 are user interface controls allowing a user to approve (e.g., via an “OK” or “UPDATE” button) or cancel (e.g., via a “CANCEL” button) the selection of task templates. If approved, the selected task templates can be downloaded.

EXAMPLE 20 Exemplary Task Template Schema

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary task template schema 1000. The task template schema can comprise various fields 1010. The task template schema can comprise a task name field (e.g., for use when displaying the task template in a user interface for selecting or invoking the task template). The task template schema can comprise a unique identifier field for uniquely identifying the task template. The task template schema can comprise a group identifier for identifying a group of the task template. The task template schema can comprise a source field for identifying a source application. The task template schema can comprise a location identifier field for identifying a user interface of an application (e.g., by way of an API of the application). The task template schema can also comprise auxiliary fields allowing for future expansion of the task template schema.

EXAMPLE 21 Exemplary Method for Updating Task Templates on a Client Server

FIG. 11 shows an exemplary method 1100 for updating task templates on a client computer (e.g., a server), and can be performed, for example, by a system such as that shown in FIG. 1. At 1110, an update request is received from a client computer. For example, the update request can be received by a remote task update server from a client computer over the Internet. The update request can comprise a profile associated with a user or customer. The update request can also include when the update actually occurs. The update can occur immediately or on a schedule.

At 1120, one or more task templates (or groups of task templates) are presented based on the request. For example, the remote task update server can present recommended task templates based on a profile received in the update request (or received prior to the update request). The remote task update server can also present optional task templates (or task templates without a recommended or optional designation, or with a different designation).

At 1130, a selection of one or more presented task templates (or groups) is received. For example, a remote task update server can receive a selection of a recommended task template by a user of the client computer.

At 1140, the selected task templates (or groups) are transmitted to the client computer. The selected task templates can be transmitted in a format defined by a schema (e.g., an XML or XrML schema).

EXAMPLE 22 Exemplary Method for Recommending Task Templates Based on a Patten of Usage

FIG. 12 shows an exemplary method 1200 for recommending task templates based on a pattern of usage. At 1210, a pattern of usage is received (e.g., by a remote task update server from a client computer over the Internet). The pattern of usage can be received as part of a profile. At 1220, a task template is recommended based on the pattern of usage. For example, if the pattern of usage indicates a high turnover business, the recommended task template can be related to adding, editing, or deleting user accounts.

EXAMPLE 23 Exemplary Method for Storing Task Templates

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary method 1300 for storing task templates. At 1310, a task template is downloaded (e.g., from a remote task update server in a format defined by a schema). At 1320, a group is assigned to the downloaded task template. For example, the group can be assigned by entering a group name in a field of the task template, where the field is a group name field defined by a schema. At 1330, the downloaded task template is stored (e.g., in a tasks database in a format defined by a schema). Alternatively, the group can be assigned to the downloaded task template after it has been stored.

EXAMPLE 24 Exemplary Entity

In any of the examples herein, an entity can be an object (e.g., an object associated with a computer network), a solution (e.g., a group of entities), or one or more tasks. For example, an entity can be a computer (e.g., a desktop, laptop, server), a user, a printer, a network device (e.g., switch, hub, router), a configuration setting, a license, or any other type of entity. Entities can be grouped together in entity groups.

Tasks can be performed on an entity. For example, an entity can be selected (e.g., by a user in a user interface). Selecting an entity (e.g., clicking or right-clicking on an icon representing the entity in a user interface) can display a list of tasks (e.g., a list of user interface elements for initiating the tasks). The list of tasks can be associated with the entity. A task from the list of tasks can be selected and, using an associated task template, a user interface can be displayed for completing the task.

EXAMPLE 25 Exemplary Entity Group

In any of the examples herein, an entity group can comprise a collection of entities. The collection of entities can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. For example, a homogeneous users entity group can comprise a collection of user entities. A heterogeneous email entity group can comprise a collection of entities that participate in email activities, such as: users, email servers, client email applications, and server email applications.

The collection of entities can be related. For example, a network entity group can comprise a collection of entities related to the network (e.g., servers, user computers, printers).

Tasks can be performed on an entity group. For example, an entity group can be selected (e.g., by a user in a user interface). Selecting an entity group (e.g., clicking on an icon representing the entity group) can display a list of tasks (e.g., a list of user interface elements for initiating the tasks). The list of tasks can be associated with the entity group. A task from the list of tasks can be selected and, using an associated task template, a user interface can be displayed for completing the task. For example, selecting a network entity group can display a task for viewing bandwidth usage across the network (e.g., across the entities comprising the network entity group).

EXAMPLE 26 Exemplary Contextual Task

In any of the examples herein, a task can be a contextual task. A contextual task can be a task that is associated with a selected entity or entity group (e.g., the task applies to or will be performed on the selected entity or entity group). For example, if a user is presented with a user interface displaying a number of entity groups, the user can select one of the entity groups. Once the user has selected one of the entity groups, a list of contextual tasks can be displayed (e.g., a list of user interface elements for initiating the contextual tasks). The list of tasks is contextual because it is associated (e.g., scoped) with the selected entity group. For example, if the user selects a network entity group, the list of contextual tasks would be associated to the network entity group. An example of contextual tasks associated with a network entity group can be: view performance, view alerts, and view events.

Similarly, for example, if a user is presented with a user interface displaying a number of entities, the user can select one of the entities. Once the user has selected one of the entities, a list of contextual tasks can be displayed. The list of tasks is contextual because it is associated (e.g., scoped) with the selected entity (e.g., the tasks apply to or will be performed on the selected entity). For example, if the user selects a specific computer server from a computer servers entity group, the list of contextual tasks would be associated with the specific computer server. An example of contextual tasks associated with a specific computer server entity can be: approve updates, configure web server, deploy new software package, view performance, view alerts, and view events. For example, the approve updates contextual task can allow a user to approve updates for the selected computer server entity.

EXAMPLE 27 Exemplary Context-Free Task

In any of the examples herein, a task can be a context-free task. A context-free task can be a task that is displayed (e.g., as a user interface element for initiating the context-free task) regardless of whether an entity or entity group is selected (e.g., a context-free task is not tied to the display of an entity or an entity group). Therefore, context-free tasks can be displayed independently of contextual tasks. A context-free task can also be known as a global task.

For example, a user can be presented with a user interface in which there are no entities or entity groups selected. A list of context-free tasks can be displayed in the user interface. For example, the list of context-free tasks can include: approve updates on server 1, review email license usage, and view file server performance.

Context-free tasks can also be displayed at the same time (e.g., simultaneously, concurrently, contemporaneously) as contextual tasks. For example, a list of context-free tasks can be displayed in a user interface (where there are no entities or entity groups selected). A user can then select an entity or entity group which causes display (e.g., in a separate area of the user interface) of a list of contextual tasks. The list of context-free tasks can have a label identifying the list, as can the list of contextual tasks. The context-free tasks and contextual tasks can also be mixed (e.g., in a single list of tasks).

Displaying a list of contextual tasks can cause a list of context-free tasks to be removed (e.g., from being displayed in a user interface). For example, if a user selects an entity or entity group, then a currently displayed list of context-free tasks can be removed and a list of contextual tasks displayed instead (e.g., replaced by the list of contextual tasks in the same area of the user interface, or in a different area of the user interface).

EXAMPLE 28 Exemplary Pivot

In any of the examples herein, a pivot can be the ability to switch between different options, procedures, or techniques of accessing, displaying, navigating to, or viewing entity groups, entities, or tasks (e.g., a task template, or instance of a task template, associated with the task). For example, a user can be presented with two options for accessing a task template, and the user can pivot (e.g., switch, alternate, change) between the two options. One of the two options can represent task navigation via a context-free task list, and the other option can represent task navigation via a contextual task list.

EXAMPLE 29 Exemplary User Interface Depicting Display of Task Templates

FIG. 14 shows an exemplary user interface 1400 depicting display of task templates. The user interface can be displayed, for example, by a system such as that shown in FIG. 3. In the user interface 1400, a number of entity groups are displayed: a network entity group 1410, a users entity group 1420, and a licensing entity group 1430. In the user interface 1400, the network entity group 1410 has been selected. Based on the selected network entity group 1410, a number of entities 1440 associated with the selected network entity group are displayed.

In the user interface 1400, a number of “new tasks” are displayed in a list 1450. For example, the “new tasks” 1450 can be task templates that have been recently updated. The tasks of the “new tasks” list can be contextual tasks, context-free tasks, or a mixture of both. The management application can use a visual cue, such as an icon, to distinguish a new task from one of the tasks that ships with the management server.

In the user interface 1400, a number of “network tasks” are displayed 1460. The “network tasks” can be contextual tasks displayed based on the selection of the network entity group 1410.

Also displayed in the user interface 1400 are a number of tasks designated “my tasks” 1470. For example, a user of the user interface 1400 (e.g., a user of a management application that operates the user interface) can select a number of task templates for display in the user interface 1400 under a user-defined title, such as “my tasks” 1470. These tasks can represent tasks that the user performs frequently. The tasks of the “my tasks” list 1470 can be contextual tasks, context-free tasks, or a mixture of both.

EXAMPLE 30 Exemplary Method for Completing a Task

FIG. 15 shows an exemplary method 1500 for completing a task. At 1510, a task template is displayed (e.g., as an instance of the task template). For example, the task template can be displayed as a result of a user selecting a context-free task from a user interface. The task template can also be displayed as a result of a user selecting a contextual task from a user interface (e.g., after having selected an entity group or entity).

At 1520, user input is received. For example, the user input can comprise information entered by the user into a form (e.g., information such as user name, real name, and password entered in an add new user form).

At 1530, the task is completed. For example, the user can complete an add new user task by entering information into a form and clicking on an “ADD” or “OK” button.

EXAMPLE 31 Exemplary Server Applications

In any of the examples herein, server applications can be any software installed on a server. For example, server applications can include any server application offering a service for use by a client. In practice, such server applications can include file sharing services, email servers, licensing services, directory services, firewall services, anti-spam services, anti-virus detection services, networking services (e.g., services for managing identities and relationships that make up a network), and the like.

Server applications can also include operating system programs, such as an operating system, operating system enhancements, or both.

EXAMPLE 32 Exemplary Multi-Server System for Performing Tasks

FIG. 16 shows an exemplary multi-server system 1600 for performing tasks. In the example, a management application 1610 (e.g., a server application) can run on a computer server 1670A. For example, the management application can comprise a data manager 1615 for managing a number of computer servers by managing server applications on the computer servers (e.g., server application 1640A on server 1670A, server application 1640B on server 1670B, and server application 1640N on server 1670N).

The server applications (1640A-1640N) can include, for example, server applications for providing computer services to a business or organization, such as: email applications, file serving applications, remote access applications, user management applications, licensing applications, anti-virus applications, and monitoring applications. Different servers of the multi-server system can perform specific services for a business or organization by running different server applications. For example, the multi-server system can comprise three servers: a management server (e.g., 1670A) running a file service application (e.g., 1640A), an email server (e.g., 1670B) running an email application (e.g., 1640B), and a firewall server (e.g., 1670N) running an anti-virus application (e.g., 1640N).

The data manager 1615 can manage a server application (e.g., 1640A, 1640B, or 1640N) on a server (e.g., 1670A, 1670B, or 1670N) by communicating with an API of the server application. For example, a user management server application can provide an API for displaying various user interfaces within the user management application (e.g., a user interface for adding users, a user interface for deleting users, and a user interface for resetting a user's password).

The management application 1610 can provide a user interface 1620 allowing a user to manage the servers and applications of the multi-server system 1600 using tasks 1616. For example, the user interface 1620 of the management application 1610 can display tasks 1616 (e.g., displayed as user interface elements for initiating the tasks) in a variety of forms, such as a context-free task list or a contextual task list. The user interface 1620 can also display entities and entity groups (e.g., from an entities database 1618). For example, a user can select an entity or entity group from the user interface 1620 to display contextual tasks.

The tasks 1616 can be stored (e.g., as task templates) in a database. The task templates can be used to accomplish (e.g., complete) a task by directing a user to a user interface for accomplishing the task. For example, a task template can comprise a location variable, where the location variable represents a user interface of a server application by way of an API of the server application.

For example, the management application 1610 can display, in the user interface 1620, an entity from the entities database 1618, receive a selection of the entity from a user, display a task from the tasks database 1616, and receive a selection of the task from the user. The management application 1610 can then, via the data manager 1615, using a location variable from a task template associated with the selected task, connect to an API of a server application (e.g., 1640A, 1640B, or 1640N) and display a user interface which the user can then use to complete the selected task.

Server applications (e.g., 1640A-N) can also provide services (e.g., email services, file sharing services, user services) to user computers (e.g., 1690A-N).

EXAMPLE 33 Exemplary Computing Environment

FIG. 17 illustrates an example computing environment 1700 that can be used to implement any of the technologies described herein. The computing environment includes a network 1710. The network 1710 can comprise servers 1720 (e.g., computer servers), services 1730 (e.g., computer services), users 1740 (e.g., general computer users, IT administrators, employees), and devices 1750 (e.g., desktop or laptop computers, printers, copiers, scanners).

The network 1710 can connect to other networks, such as 1770 and 1780 through connecting network 1760. For example, the connecting network 1760 can comprise a wide area network such as the Internet or a local network. The connecting network can comprise various network hardware, protocols, and topologies.

EXAMPLE 34 Exemplary Priority Task List

In any of the examples described herein, a priority task list can be presented to assist in managing a computer network. Such a priority task list can be displayed as part of a network management console (e.g., in a separate pane or window), as part of a notification message, or in response to an action by a user (e.g., to request display of the priority task list). The network management console can be presented as a network management console home page.

FIG. 18 shows a screen shot 1800 that includes an exemplary priority task list 1810 that includes one or more user interface elements 1820A-N that, when selected (e.g., activated by clicking on), result in display of a user interface for accomplishing (e.g., performing, completing, and the like) the associated task.

In the example, the user interfaces are presented as links resembling hyperlinks. In practice, any user interface element can be used (e.g., a button, icon, or other user interface element). The user interface element can include a name of the task or other language (e.g., “taskname,” “Do taskname,” or the like).

The priority task list can be described using other language such as “Recommended Task List,” “Priority Action Items,” and the like.

EXAMPLE 35 Exemplary Method for Processing Task

FIG. 19 shows an exemplary method 1900 for processing a task and can be used to process any of the tasks described herein.

In the example, at 1910, a user interface element for invoking a task is displayed in the priority task list. At 1930, responsive to user selection of the user interface element, the respective task is invoked. As described herein, invoking the task can comprise displaying a user interface for accomplishing the task.

EXAMPLE 36 Exemplary Method for Processing Task

FIG. 20 shows another exemplary method 2000 for processing a task and can be used to process any of the tasks described herein.

In the example, at 2010, a task is added to the priority task list (e.g., a user interface element is added to the list). At 2030, the task is completed (e.g., via a user interface presented when the user interface element for the task is selected). Then, at 2060 the task is removed from the priority list (e.g., the user interface is no longer shown in the list). For example, the task can be removed responsive to detection that the task has been completed or is no longer recommended or needed.

In the example, the tasks shown in the priority task list can be described as action items because some action by the user is required for the tasks that appear. Upon full completion of the tasks in the list, the priority task list will be empty.

EXAMPLE 37 Exemplary System for Presenting Priority Task List

FIG. 21 shows an exemplary system 2100 configured to present a priority task list. In the example, a network management tool 2110 includes a rule evaluator 2130, which is configured to apply the priority task instantiation rules 2120 against the network status information 2140 to identify which tasks to show (e.g., as selectable user interface elements) in the priority task list user interface 2170.

User interfaces presented and other information for the tasks can be specified in the task templates 2150. Although the network status information 2140 is shown as part of the network management tool 2110 in the example, in practice, the information can be maintained by another tool, accumulated from another tool (e.g., a system management tool, such as the MICROSOFT Operations Manager software (MOM)), or both.

EXAMPLE 38 Exemplary Method for Selecting Tasks

FIG. 22 shows an exemplary method 2200 for selecting tasks for inclusion in a priority task list via rules and can be used for building any of the priority task lists described herein.

At 2210, network status information is checked against the priority task instantiation rules (e.g. a plurality of priority task instantiation rules are applied against network status information). At 2220, if the rule is satisfied, an instance of a task template is added to the priority task list (e.g., as represented by a user interface element) at 2230. For example, the rule (e.g., associated with a network administration task) can be identified. Responsive to identification, a user interface element (e.g., associated with a user interface for accomplishing the network administration task) can be added to the priority task list. If the rule is not satisfied, rules can continue to be checked at 2210.

Although a particular loop structure is shown in the method 2200, in practice, any number of other arrangements is possible, such as checking rules in parallel, checking rules serially, or checking some rules more often than others.

EXAMPLE 39 Exemplary Network Status Information

In any of the examples herein, network status information can include any information indicating the condition or history of the network being managed. For example, any detected conditions or activities of computers, routers, or other devices can be kept in a log for analysis.

EXAMPLE 40 Exemplary Priority Task Instantiation Rule

FIG. 23 shows an exemplary priority task instantiation rule 2300. In any of the example described herein, the rule can be stored as a data structure 2310 (e.g., in a database, as XML, or the like). Alternatively, a rule can be represented as a collection of desired settings, such as a policy (e.g., a group policy object as implemented in a MICROSOFT operating system).

The exemplary rule includes a priority task instantiation condition 2330. The condition can include one or more criteria which indicate that the rule should be instantiated (e.g., and added to the priority task list). The criteria can include detecting network environment conditions (e.g., any network status information), usage, condition patterns, usage patterns, and the like. For example, such conditions can check how long critical software updates have been waiting for approval, how many times a device has had a disk failure, whether a software licensing limit is being approached or exceeded, or any other condition related to a computer network. Rules can also consider profiles (e.g., any of the profiles described herein) so that the rule reacts differently depending on whether the network is designated as having the profile (e.g., “mobile users”).

Other conditions can be based on a schedule. For example, a recurring schedule (e.g., second Tuesday of the month) or certain dates (e.g., April 15) can be specified. Such a schedule can be specified in the rule, specified in a related task template, or be specified manually by a user.

The rule 2300 can also include information 2360 for instantiating a user interface element for initiating the associated task. In any of the examples described herein, such information can include a reference to the task template for the task. Subsequently, when the task is invoked, a user interface can be presented for accomplishing the task (e.g., based on information in the task template).

If desired, tasks can also be added manually. For example, a task can be started as a project initiated by a user (e.g., “work on project name,” “Review status of deployment,” and the like). Such a task can be an ongoing task that is presented in the priority task list until the user explicitly indicates that it is completed.

Tasks for inclusion in the priority task list can take a variety of forms including tasks for reviewing the status of software updates, reviewing license usage, and the like. Exemplary tasks and associated rules are shown in Table 1. TABLE 1 Exemplary Tasks and Associated Rules Task Name Rule Review updates There are any critical software updates that are older than threshold (e.g., 48 hours) that have not been approved for installation Review license usage for There is any software product for which product name the remaining licenses are almost exhausted. Review deployment of Ongoing task manually started by user software package name Review computer x for Any computer has had more than threshold repeated disk failure disk failures in the past time period reason Review computer y for Any computer has failed security check repeated security failures more than threshold times Review storage space for User group x consistently runs close to the x group. maximizing their storage space on the network Review email server Email server is within threshold gigabytes capacity of being full In the examples, the thresholds and time periods can be varied according to best practices or user preference.

If desired, the rules can be chosen to identify tasks that can be accomplished to avoid problematic situations before they occur (e.g., proactive tasks). For example, a task about reviewing license usage can prevent a situation when the license usage is exceeded or goes beyond an overage allowance. Identifying a device that has had repeated disk failure can avoid total data loss if the disk were to crash completely.

In addition, a task can be presented for reviewing possible use of an online service. For example, an online service can be suggested based on past usage or status of the network.

EXAMPLE 41 Exemplary Method for Adding Tasks to a Priority Task List

FIG. 24 shows an exemplary method 2400 for adding tasks to a priority task list via rules. At 2410, a rule is chosen to evaluate. For example, rules can be evaluated based on changes in conditions, one after another, in parallel, periodically, or the like.

At 2420 the rule is evaluated to see whether the priority task instantiation condition is satisfied. A plurality of priority task instantiation rules can be applied against network status information. If the rule is satisfied, at 2430, a user interface representation of the associated task is added to the priority task list via the information for instantiating the task user interface element. Information for presenting the user interface for accomplishing the task can be linked with the user interface representation of the task.

EXAMPLE 42 Exemplary User Interface for Accomplishing a Task

FIG. 25 shows an exemplary screen shot 2500 of a user interface 2510 for accomplishing a task. A task name can be included in the user interface 2510 (e.g., in the title bar 2520). Task information 2530 can be included. Such information can include, for example, any information helpful to a user for completing the task. Various user interface elements, such as button 2540A and 2540B can be presented as options for accomplishing the task.

User interfaces for accomplishing a task can take many forms. For example, a wizard user interface can be displayed (e.g., where the user is directed through a series of steps). A dialog can be displayed (e.g., the user can be asked to confirm the deletion of a user account). A view can also be displayed (e.g., a page allowing the user to configure various settings, such as web site settings). Also, a report can be displayed (e.g., allowing a user to review settings, events, log entries, and the like without necessarily making any changes).

One of the user interface elements 2540A, 2540B can be selected by a user to signify that the task has been completed. Or, a condition can be tested to determine whether the task has been completed.

EXAMPLE 43 Exemplary Method for Responding to Selection of User Interface Element for a Task

FIG. 26 shows an exemplary method 2600 for responding to selection of a user interface element representing a task (e.g., in a priority task list). At 2610, a selection of the user interface element representing the task is received. At 2630, a user interface is presented for accomplishing the task (e.g., add addressing the issue causing the task to appear), at 2660, if the rule no longer applies, the user interface element is removed from the priority task list. Alternatively, upon selection of an appropriate user interface element in the user interface for accomplishing the task (e.g., a “Done,” “Completed,” or “OK” button), the user interface element can be removed from the priority task list.

EXAMPLE 44 Exemplary System for Updating Rules and Task Templates

FIG. 27 is a block diagram of an exemplary system 2700 for updating priority task instantiation rules, task templates, or both. In the example, a network management tool 2710 (e.g., any of the network management tools described herein) is in communication with a remote service 2730 which includes priority task instantiation rules 2740 for downloading and task templates 2750 for downloading.

The remote service 2730 can be implemented as a web service that is reachable by the network management tool 2710 via the Internet or some other computer network. The network tool 2710 can be configured to periodically automatically check the remote service 2730 for new or improved priority task instantiation rules 2740, task templates 2730, or both and then download them for use when implementing a priority task list.

EXAMPLE 45 Exemplary Method for Updating Rules and Task Templates

FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for automatically updating priority task instantiation rules, task templates, or both. At 2810, the remote service is contacted. At 2820, it is determined whether updates (e.g., to priority task instantiation rules, task templates, or both) are available. If so, at 2830, the updates are acquired (e.g., downloaded for use by the network management tool). Updating can be configured to occur automatically as shown, or initiated manually by a user.

EXAMPLE 46 Exemplary System Presenting a Priority Task List

FIG. 29 shows an exemplary system 2900 configured to present a priority task list in a user interface 2970. In the example, a network management tool 2910 include a rule evaluator 2930, which is configured to apply priority task instantiation rules, shown as best practices rules 2920A and other rules 2920B, against network status information, shown as network status 2940A and usage status 2940B to identify which tasks to show (e.g., as selectable user interface elements) in the priority task list user interface 2970.

User interfaces presented and other information for the tasks can be specified in the task templates 2950. Although the status information 2940A and 2940B is shown as part of the network management too 2910 in the example, in practice, the information can be maintained by another tool, accumulated from another source, or both.

EXAMPLE 47 Exemplary Best Practices Rules

In any of the examples herein, best practices priority task instantiation rules can include those tasks identified as best practices (e.g., by a software manufacturer, such as the operating system manufacturer, a network management software manufacturer, or the like). For example, review of updates within a certain period, review of software license usage when approaching or having exceeded usage limits, and the like (e.g., the tasks “Review updates” and “Review license usage for product name”).

Other best practices rules can include those tasks critical to preserving the health and proper functioning of the network. For example, detection of possible hardware failure, repeated security failures, and the like (e.g., the tasks “Review computer x for repeated disk failure reason” and “Review computer y for repeated security failures.”)

Including such best practices rules can help a network administrator to take advantage of the experience and wisdom of those with more experience without having to make the same mistakes or become an expert in network management. Best practices rules can be differentiated from error notification rules in that best practices rules make suggestions or recommendations based on environmental conditions (e.g., in the network), whereas error notification rules trigger an alert when a failure is detected.

EXAMPLE 48 Exemplary Usage Status Information

In any of the examples described herein, usage status information can include information indicating how the computer network is being used. For example, the activities of users, CPU workload, bandwidth consumed, and the like can be stored over time for later consultation. The usage status information can include patterns of usage, such as a pattern of certain events or recurrence of a particular event a certain number of times (e.g., for a particular device within a certain time period).

EXAMPLE 49 Exemplary Method for Selecting Tasks

FIG. 30 shows an exemplary method 3000 for selecting tasks for inclusion in a priority task list via best practices rules and other rules and can be used for building any of the priority task lists described herein.

At 3010, network status and usage patterns are checked best practices rules and other rules. At 3020, if a rule is satisfied, an instance of a task template is added to the priority task list (e.g., as represented by a user interface element) at 3030.

Although a particular loop structure is shown in the method 3000, in practice, any number of other arrangements is possible, such as checking rules in parallel or checking some rules more often than others.

EXAMPLE 50 Exemplary Priority Task List

FIG. 31 is a screen shot 3100 of an exemplary priority task list 3110 including tasks 3120A, 3120B, and 3120C for reviewing software updates, reviewing license usage, and reviewing status of a software package deployment.

The shown task user interface element can display user interfaces appropriate for accomplishing the task when selected. The task represented by the user interface element 3120C can be a manually added task.

EXAMPLE 51 Exemplary Rule

FIG. 32 shows an exemplary priority task instantiation rule 3200 for determining whether a task for approving updates is to be included in a priority task list. In the example, a condition 3230 can be included indicating that if overdue updates have still not been approved, the rule is satisfied. The exemplary rule also includes information 3260 for instantiating (e.g., displaying) the user interface element for initiating the associated task.

EXAMPLE 52 Exemplary User Interface for Accomplishing a Task to Review and Approve Software Updates

FIG. 33 shows a screen shot 3300 of an exemplary user interface 3310 for accomplishing a task to review and approve software updates. In the example, the task information 3320 includes an advisory of how many updates are waiting to be approved. Additional task information 3331 indicates which updates are waiting and how overdue they are. Additional information can be shown (e.g., further details concerning a selected update) by clicking the more info button 3332.

Clicking on the approve button 3340A will approve the updates (e.g., if selected in the box 3331). The cancel button 3340B takes no action.

Responsive to determining the updates are approved, the task for reviewing updates can be removed from the priority task list (e.g., by the network management tool).

EXAMPLE 53 Exemplary User Interface for Accomplishing a Task to Review License Usage

FIG. 34 shows a screen shot 3400 of an exemplary user interface 3410 for accomplishing a task to review software license usage. In the example, the task information 3431 includes the license status of a product (e.g., product x) or service. In practice, the status for multiple products can be listed. The button 3432 can be clicked to display more information (e.g., about the product selected in the box 3431).

A user interface element (e.g., the button 3440) can be selected to buy additional licenses (e.g., for the software product or service). For example, stored account information can be used to contact a remote service by which a license key is obtained. Billing information can be stored locally, at the remote service, or a third party location.

Upon purchase of the additional licenses, the task can be removed from the priority task list (e.g., by the network management tool). In a system in which licensing is enforced (e.g., a 5 seat cushion is permitted, but additional users cannot use the licensed software), such an approach can be helpful for avoiding a situation in which a user cannot use the software. However, the approach can also be used in systems where licensing is not enforced.

The cancel button 3440B takes no action.

EXAMPLE 54 Exemplary User Interface for Accomplishing a Task to Review Status of Deployment

FIG. 35 shows a screen shot 3500 of an exemplary user interface 3510 for accomplishing a task to review status of deployment of a software package. The task information includes the deployment status 3531 and editable notes 3536. More information (e.g., a list of computers on which the software has been deployed) can be accessed by pressing the button 3532.

The various options 3540A, 3540B, 3540C, 3540D can be selected depending on what the user wishes to accomplish. Upon selection of the “Complete Task” button 3540B, the task can be removed from the priority task list (e.g., by the network management tool). As described herein, the task can be added manually when a network administrator decides to initiate the software deployment. Such a task could simply have editable notes 3536 so that the administrator can conveniently track the deployment along with other high priority items in the priority task list.

EXAMPLE 55 Exemplary User Interface for Setting Priority Task Preferences

FIG. 36 shows a screen shot 3600 of an exemplary user interface 3610 for setting priority task preferences. In the example, rules and associated tasks can be updated automatically on a periodic basis by selecting the checkbox 3620 and selecting an appropriate frequency in the 3625 drop down menu.

Preferences can also be set to ignore certain tasks (e.g., not evaluate the rules, not include the tasks in the priority task list, or both). For example, selecting the checkbox 3630 will cause tasks listed in the box 3631 to not appear in the priority task list, even if the associated rule were satisfied. Additional tasks to be ignored can be added by clicking the button 3632.

A feature can be provided by which a task can be ignored in the priority task list simply by performing a particular action (e.g., right clicking on the task and selecting “ignore”). The task may still appear on other task lists, but be removed from the priority task list.

Other preferences can specify whether best practices override other rules or vice-versa.

OK and Cancel functionality are provided by the buttons 3640A and 3640B.

Priority task list entries can also be manually removed by the user. The user can also specify that fields, personalized icons (e.g., flags), or colors are to be used when displaying the tasks to customize the appearance of order of the tasks on the list. For example, a particular icon can be selected by the user to be displayed in the priority task list in the same line with any tasks for approving software updates. Or, a particular color can be selected by the user so that any tasks related to hardware failure are of a the selected color (e.g., red).

EXAMPLE 56 Exemplary User Interface for Reviewing a Computer Repeatedly Failing Security

A user interface can be presented to accomplish a task for reviewing a computer repeatedly failing security (e.g., the “Review computery for repeated security failures” task). Such a user interface may simply be a report showing the failures and allow the user to determine how to next proceed (e.g., my manually invoking various other options). Or, the user interface may include a way to initiate checking whether software updates (e.g., related to security) for the computer have been installed and, if not, installing them.

Further, an option may be presented by which a more stringent security policy is put in place for the machine.

In any of the examples herein, a user interface can be presented for troubleshooting a problem. For example, the user can be guided through a number of screens that ask a series of questions.

EXAMPLE 57 Exemplary User Interface for Accomplishing a Task to Review an Advisory to Use an Online Service

FIG. 37A shows a screen shot 3700 of a user interface 3710 for accomplishing a task to review an advisory to use an online service (e.g., based on detected usage characteristics). In the example, the task information 3725 includes an advisory that a particular online service could be beneficial.

Further information about the online service can be obtained by visiting a web page by clicking on the user interface element 3735. OK and Dismiss functionality are provided by the buttons 3740A and 3740B.

FIG. 37B shows another screen shot 3750 of a user interface 3760 for accomplishing a task to review an advisory to use an online backup service (e.g., based on detected usage characteristics related to backups). In the example, the task information 3775 includes an advisory that using the suggested backup service could be of benefit.

Further information can be obtained about the online service by selecting the button 3790A. By selecting the button 3790B, the user interface 3760 will be dismissed, but the related task (e.g., “Review advisory regarding online backup service”) will remain in the priority task list. By selecting the button 3790C, the user interface 3760 will be dismissed, and the related task will be removed from the priority task list (e.g., by the network management tool).

Alternatively, an online service for avoiding spam can be suggested (e.g., if the network is exhibiting security problems that are related to spam).

EXAMPLE 58 Synchronization with External Task Software

In any of the examples described herein, the priority task list can be synchronized with other task lists. For example, the task list in any software that tracks tasks (e.g., MICROSOFT OUTLOOK software, and the like) can be synchronized with the priority task list.

Tasks can be sent from the priority task list to task lists in other software, hardware devices (e.g., personal information manager, cell phone, hand held computer, and the like), a web page, and the like. In practice, it may be preferable to send tasks from the priority task list to the other task lists without incorporating tasks from other task lists into the priority task list. For example, it may be desirable to avoid cluttering the priority task list with lower priority tasks. However, the priority task software can allow for tasks to be imported into the priority task list.

EXAMPLE 59 Exemplary General Purpose Computer System

FIG. 38 illustrates an example of a computer system 3800 that can be used to implement any of the technologies described herein. The computer system includes a personal computer 3820, including a processing unit 3821, a system memory 3822, and a system bus 3823 that interconnects various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 3821. The system bus may comprise any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using a bus architecture such as PCI, VESA, Microchannel (MCA), ISA and EISA, to name a few. The system memory includes read only memory (ROM) 3824 and random access memory (RAM) 3825. A basic input/output system 3826 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the personal computer 3820, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 3824. The personal computer 3820 further includes a hard disk drive 3827, a magnetic disk drive 3828 (e.g., to read from or write to a removable disk 3829), and an optical disk drive 3830 (e.g., for reading a CD-ROM disk 3831 or to read from or write to other optical media). The hard disk drive 3827, magnetic disk drive 3828, and optical disk drive 3830 are connected to the system bus 3823 by a hard disk drive interface 3832, a magnetic disk drive interface 3833, and an optical drive interface 3834, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions (program code such as dynamic link libraries, and executable files), etc. for the personal computer 3820. Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk and a CD, it can also include other types of media that are readable by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, and the like.

A number of program modules may be stored in the drives and RAM 3825, including an operating system 3835, one or more application programs 3836, other program modules 3837, and program data 3838. A user may enter commands and information into the personal computer 3820 through a keyboard 3840 and pointing device, such as a mouse 3842. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 3821 through a serial port interface 3846 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 3847 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 3823 via an interface, such as a display controller or video adapter 3848. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.

The personal computer 3820 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 3849. The remote computer 3849 may be a server, a router, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the personal computer 3820, although only a memory storage device 3850 has been illustrated in FIG. 38. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 38 include a local area network (LAN) 3851 and a wide area network (WAN) 3852. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the personal computer 3820 is connected to the local network 3851 through a network interface or adapter 3853. When used in a WAN networking environment, the personal computer 3820 typically includes a modem 3854 or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 3852, such as the Internet. The modem 3854, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 3823 via the serial port interface 3846. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 3820, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. The network connections shown are merely examples and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

EXAMPLE 60 Exemplary Automated Methods

Any of the methods described herein can be performed via one or more computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions for performing such methods. Operation can be fully automatic, semi-automatic, or involve manual intervention.

EXAMPLE 61 Exemplary Combinations

The technologies of any example described herein can be combined with the technologies of any one or more other examples described herein.

EXAMPLE 62 Exemplary Alternatives

In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of the disclosed invention may be applied, it should be recognized that the illustrated embodiments are only preferred examples of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Rather, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims. We therefore claim as our invention all that comes within the scope and spirit of these claims. 

1. A computer implemented method for presenting a priority task list for managing a computer network, the method comprising: applying a plurality of priority task instantiation rules against network status information; identifying a priority task instantiation rule that is satisfied by the network status information, wherein the priority task instantiation rule is associated with a network administration task; responsive to identifying that the priority task instantiation rule is satisfied by the network status information, adding a user interface element to the priority task list, wherein the user interface element is associated with a user interface for accomplishing the network administration task; and responsive to selection of the user interface element, presenting the user interface for accomplishing the network administration task.
 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising: upon completion of the network administration task, removing the user interface element from the priority task list.
 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: upon receipt of an indication from a user to remove the user interface element from the priority task list, removing the user interface element from the priority task list.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the user interface comprises an advisory that an online service should be considered for use in the computer network.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein network administration task is one out of a plurality of network administration tasks represented by a collection of stored task templates, the method further comprising: updating the collection of stored task templates via a remote service.
 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising: accepting a user indication of how frequently the collection of stored task templates is to be automatically updated.
 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving a preference indication from a user that a particular icon or color is to be used when displaying user interface elements for accomplishing the network administration task in the priority task list; and responsive to receiving the preference indication, displaying the icon or color for the user interface element.
 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving an indication that certain tasks are to be omitted from being included in the priority task list.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the priority task instantiation rule is one out of a plurality of priority task instantiation rules associated with respective tasks.
 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising: updating the priority task instantiation rules via a remote service; and accepting a user indication of how frequently the priority task instantiation rules are to be automatically updated.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the priority task instantiation rules embody best practices for network administration.
 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the priority task instantiation rules comprise a rule regarding when to review software updates.
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the user interface for accomplishing the network administration task comprises a user interface for approving software updates.
 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the priority task instantiation rules comprise a rule regarding when to review software license usage.
 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the priority task list further comprises a user interface element that, when selected, presents an ongoing software deployment task.
 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the priority task instantiation rules comprise a rule regarding when to check a computer due to repeated disk failure.
 17. A system for presenting a priority task list for managing a computer network, the system comprising: in one or more computer-readable media, a plurality of task templates, the task templates specifying respective user interfaces for accomplishing respective tasks; in one or more computer-readable media, a plurality of priority task instantiation rules associated with respective task templates; a rule evaluator configured to determine whether current computer network conditions satisfy any of the priority task instantiation rules; and a priority task list user interface presenter configured to display a user interface element in a priority task list, wherein the user interface element is configured to present, when selected, a user interface for accomplishing a task specified in a task template associated with a rule determined to have been satisfied by the rule evaluator.
 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the rule evaluator is further configured to consider usage patterns for the computer network when determining whether the rule is satisfied.
 19. The system of claim 17 wherein the rule evaluator is further configured to consider a profile for the computer network when determining whether the rule is satisfied.
 20. One or more computer-readable media comprising: a plurality of task templates, wherein at least one of the task templates is instantiable to present a user interface for accomplishing a task when invoked; and a plurality of priority task instantiation rules, wherein the priority task instantiation rules are associated with respective of the task templates; wherein the user interface for accomplishing the task comprises an advisory that additional licenses for a software product should be purchased and a user interface element for initiating purchase of additional licenses for the software product. 